Foundation transfer their loads to the soil or rock. There are several varieties of foundations, every appropriate to extraordinary soil situations, structural requirements, and production strategies.
Shallow Foundations:
Strip Footing: A non-stop strip of concrete that supports load-bearing walls or a line of closely spaced columns.
Pad Footing: A unmarried rectangular, square, or round concrete block that helps character columns or isolated loads.
Raft or Mat Foundation: A big concrete slab that covers the complete footprint of a building, distributing loads over a wide location to lessen soil pressure.
Deep Foundations:
Pile Foundation: Vertical structural factors pushed, drilled, or vibrated into the floor to switch masses thru weak or compressible soil layers to more potent soil or rock layers beneath.
Pier Foundation: Similar to piles but massive in diameter, generally used to guide heavy loads or in marine creation.
Caisson Foundation: Large-diameter, watertight structures which might be both open at the lowest (open caisson) or closed and filled with concrete (closed caisson), utilized in situations in which soil conditions make different styles of foundations impractical.
Specialized Foundations:
Floating Foundation: Used in regions with gentle or waterlogged soil, in which the shape’s weight is supported via buoyancy in preference to soil bearing ability.
Screw Pile Foundation: Helical-regular piles screwed into the ground, regularly applied in regions with hard soil situations or wherein minimum disturbance to the commonly in site is preferred.
Tension Pile Foundation: Used to uplift forces, normally employed in structures concern to over loads or wind loads.